constituents of the oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. atlantica Br.-Bl. and L. stoechas ssp. stoechas from Morocco, The
Zrira, S
Abstract
The essential oils of L. stoechas ssp. atlantica and L. stoechas ssp. stoechas from Morocco, obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts, have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/M S. The major compounds of L. stoechas ssp. atlantica and L. stoechas ssp. stoechas oils were camphor (39% and 18%, respectively) and fenchone (9% and 30%, respectively).
Key Word Index
lavandula stoechas ssp. atlantica. Lavandula stoechas ssp. stoechas, Larniaceae, essential oil composition, camphor, fenchone.
Plant Name
Source
L. stoechas ssp. stoechas aerial parts were collected from the rural commune of Sidi Allal El Bahraoui (45 km from Rabat). L. stoechas ssp. atlantica aerial parts were collected from the rural commune of Oulmes (150 km from Rabat).
Plant Part
Air-dried aerial parts of both subspecies of L. stoechas were harvested in the flowering time. Hydrodistillation of each separately produced an oil in 0.92% yield for L. stoechas ssp. stoechas and 1.42% for L. stoechas ssp. atlantica.
Previous Work
Valentini et al. (1) identified 38 constituents in the oil isolated from the leaves, flowers and stems of L. stoechas ssp. stoechas growing wild in Cyprus oils. The major components of these oils were fenchone (28.1-51.8%) and camphor (4.139.4%). In the same subspecies of Spanish origin, GarciaVallejo et al. (2) distinguished a fenchone/camphor-chemotype (fenchone 23.6-682% and camphor 1.5-51.6%) and a 1,8cineole-chemotype (0.3-52.7%). The analysis of L. stoechas ssp. stoechas oil from Crete, Greece yielded two chemotypes: viz. a fenchone/camphor-type and a 1,8-cineole/fenchone-type (3). The and ain components of Moroccan L. stoechas ssp. atlantica oil were main camphor (28.0-72.8%) and fenchone (11.5-19. stoechas ssp.
Present Work
The analysis of both L. stoechas oils produced from the airdried aerial parts of each subspecies was performed on a DANI GC, Model No. 8521, with an FID detector. Chromatography was performed on a DB-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 (mu)m). Analytical conditions were: injector and detector temperature 240 deg C and 260 deg C, respectively, oven temperature programmed from 50-225 deg C at 4 deg C/min, then isothermal temperature at 225 deg C for 10 min; carrier gas 1 mL N^sub 2^/min. Quantitative analysis of the oil samples was done using a Shimadzu CR 6A Integrator. Retention indices were obtained by injection of the homologous series C^sub 8^-C^sub 30^ in the same conditions (programmed temperature). GC/MS analysis was performed on a Hewlett Packard 5980 GC Series 11 gas chromatograph equipped with HP-5 capillary column (25 in x 0.32 min, film thickness 0.25 (mu)m) and an HP 5772 mass selective detector. Analytical conditions were: injector and detector temperature 240 deg C and 260 deg C, respectively, oven temperature programmed from 50 deg-225 deg C at 4 deg C/min, then isothermal temperature at 225 deg C for 10 min; carrier gas 2 mL He/min; source 70 eV.
The chemical composition of both oils is summarized in Table I. Twenty-seven constituents have been identified in the oil of L. stoechas ssp. atlantica and 28 in L. stoechas ssp. stoechas oil. The main constituent of L. stoechas ssp. atlantica oil was camphor (39%) followed by fenchone (9010), while for L. stoechas ssp. stoechas oil the main constituent was fenchone (30%) followed by camphor (18%). In L. stoechas ssp. atlantica oil, camphene, CC-pinene and an unidentified sesquiterpenic alcohol were also present in relatively high proportions. The oil ofL. stoechas ssp. stoechas was characterized by a relatively high concentration of 1,8-cineole.
References
1. M.C. Garcia-Vallejo, M.I. Garcia-Vallejo and A. Velasco-Neguerela, Essential oils of genus Lavandula L. in Spain. In: Proceedings of the 11 International congress of essential oils, fragrances and flavors. New Delhi, India, November, 1989. Chemistry – Analysis and Structure. Edits., S.C.Bhattacharyya, N. Sen and K.L Sethi, Vol 4, p 15-26. Aspect Publishing, London (1989).
2. G. Valentin!, N. Arnold and B. Bellomaria, Etude chimique comparative des huiles essentielles de quatre populations de Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas spontanees de Chypre. Plant. Med. Phytother., 224, 289-299 (1993).
3. M. Skoula, C. Abidi and E. Kokkalou, Essential oil variation of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in Crete (Greece). Biochem. Syst. and Ecol., 24, 255-260 (1996).
4. J. Bellakhdar, M. Berrada, M. Holeman and A. Ilidrissi, Etude chimique comparative de quelques sous-especes de Lavandula stoechas L. du Maroc. 11, Colloque International sur les Plantes Aromatiques et Medicinales du Maroc. Mai 1984, Rabat, Maroc. (Edt centre National de Coordination et de Planification de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique) p 197-202 (1984).
S. Zrira* and B. Benjilali
Department des Sciences Alimentaires et Nutrionnelles, Institut Agronomique et Veterinarie Hassan II. B.P. 6202. Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco
*Address for correspondence
Received: March 2000
Revised: May 2001
Accepted: June 2001
Copyright Allured Publishing Corporation Mar/Apr 2003
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