Employment, unemployment, and wages
STATUS OF THE LABOR FORCE
In February, employment fell by 265,000 and unemployment fell by
127,000.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED] [Thousands of persons 16 years of age and over, except as noted;monthly data seasonally adjusted except as noted by NSA]
Civilian employment
Civilian Men Women
noninstitu- 20 20
tional Civilian years years
population labor and and
Period NSA force Total over over
1994 (2) 196,814 131,056 123,060 63,294 53,606
1995 198,584 132,304 124,900 64,085 54,396
1996 200,591 133,943 126,708 64,897 55,311
1997 (3) 203,133 136,297 129,558 66,284 56,613
1998 (3) 200,220 137,673 131,463 67,135 37,278
1999 (3) 207,753 139,368 733,488 67,761 58,555
2000 (3) 212,177 142,583 136,891 69,634 60,067
2001 215,092 143,734 136,983 69,776 60,417
2002 217,570 144,863 136,485 69,734 60,420
2003 221,168 146,510 137,736 70,415 61,402
2003: Feb (3) 220,114 145,898 137,318 70,174 61,106
Mar 220,317 145,818 137,300 70,213 61,219
Apr. 220,540 146,377 137,578 70,290 61,343
May 220,768 146,465 137,505 70,182 61,397
June 221,014 146,917 137,673 70,190 61,610
July 221,252 146,652 137,604 70,269 61,479
Aug 221,507 146,622 137,693 70,324 61,467
Sept 221,779 146,610 137,644 70,596 61,191
Oct 222,039 146,892 138,095 70,726 61,524
Sept 222,279 147,187 138,533 70,964 61,597
Dec 222,509 146,878 138,479 71,099 61,521
2004: Jan (3) 223,161 146,863 138,566 71,329 61,260
Feb 222,357 146,471 138,301 70,969 61,456
Civil-
ian
em-
ploy- Unemployment
ment
Men Women
Both 20 20 Both
sexes years years sexes Not in
16-19 and and 16-19 labor
Period years Total over over years force
1994 (2) 6,161 7,996 3,627 3,049 1,300 65,758
1995 6,419 7,404 3,239 2,819 1,346 66,280
1996 6,500 7,236 3,146 2,783 1,306 66,647
1997 (3) 6,661 6,739 2,882 2,585 1,271 (r) 66,837
1998 (3) 7,051 6,210 2,580 2,424 1,205 67,547
1999 (3) 7,172 5,880 2,433 2,285 1,162 68,385
2000 (3) 7,189 5,692 2,376 2,235 1,081 69,994
2001 6,740 6,801 3,040 2,599 1,162 71,359
2002 6,332 8,378 3,896 3,228 1,253 72,707
2003 5,919 8,774 4,209 3,314 1,251 74,058
2003: Feb (3) 6,039 8,581 4,068 3,253 1,260 74,216
Mar 5,868 8,519 3,995 3,271 1,252 74,499
Apr. 5,945 8,799 4,220 5,289 1,290 74,163
May 5,926 8,957 4,341 3,302 1,314 74,306
June 5,873 9,245 4,485 3,379 1,381 74,097
July 5,856 9,048 4,391 3,356 1,301 74,600
Aug 5,902 8,929 4,358 3,369 1,202 74,884
Sept 5,857 8,966 4,309 3,417 1,240 75,168
Oct 5,846 8,797 4,216 3,375 1,205 75,147
Sept 5,972 8,653 4,224 3,320 1,109 75,093
Dec 5,859 8,398 3,945 3,326 1,128 75,631
2004: Jan (3) 5,977 8,297 3,842 3,255 1,200 75,298
Feb 5,875 8,170 3,828 3,172 1,170 75,886
Percent (1)
Labor
force
par- Employ-
tici- ment/ Unem-
pa- pop- ploy-
tion ulation ment
Period rate ratio rate
1994 (2) 66.6 62.5 6.1
1995 66.6 62.9 5.6
1996 66.8 63.2 5.4
1997 (3) 67.1 63.8 4.9
1998 (3) 67.1 64.1 4.5
1999 (3) 67.1 64.3 4.2
2000 (3) 67.1 64.4 4.0
2001 66.8 63.7 4.7
2002 66.6 62.7 5.8
2003 66.2 62.3 6.0
2003: Feb (3) 66.3 62.4 5.9
Mar 66.2 62.3 5.8
Apr. 66.4 62.4 6.0
May 66.3 62.3 6.1
June 66.5 62.3 6.3
July 66.3 62.2 6.2
Aug 66.2 62.2 6.1
Sept 66.1 62.1 6.1
Oct 66.2 62.2 6.0
Sept 66.2 62.3 5.9
Dec 66.0 62.2 5.7
2004: Jan (3) 66.1 62.4 5.6
Feb 65.9 62.2 5.6
(1) Civilian labor force (or employment) as percent of civilian
noninstitutional population; and unemployment as percent of civilian
labor force.
(2) Data beginning January 1994 reflect a major redesign of the
household survey questionnaire.
(3) Not strictly comparable with earlier data.
NOTE.–Beginning January 2004 data reflect revised population controls
and are not strictly comparable woth earlier data.
See Employment and Earnings for details on breaks in series.
Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SELECTED UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
In February, the unemployment rate was unchanged from January at 5.6
percent.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED] [Monthly data seasonally adjusted]Unemployment rate (percent of civilian
labor force in group)
By race
or
By sex and age eth-
ni-
Both city
All Men Women sexes (1)
civilian 20 years 20 years 16-19
Period workers and over and over years White
1994 (2) 6.1 5.4 5.4 17.6 5.3
1995 5.6 4.8 4.9 17.3 4.9
1996 5.4 4.6 4.8 16.7 4.7
1997 4.9 4.2 4.4 16.0 4.2
1998 4.5 3.7 4.1 14.6 3.9
1999 4.2 3.5 3.8 13.9 3.7
2000 4.0 3.3 3.6 13.1 3.5
2001 4.7 4.2 4.1 14.7 4.2
2002 5.8 5.3 5.1 16.5 5.1
2003 6.0 5.6 5.1 17.5 5.2
2003: Feb 5.9 5.5 5.1 17.3 5.1
Mar 5.8 5.4 5.1 17.6 5.1
Apr. 6.0 5.7 5.1 17.8 5.2
May 6.1 5.8 5.1 18.1 5.4
June 6.3 6.0 5.2 19.0 5.5
July 6.2 5.9 5.2 18.2 5.4
Aug 6.1 5.8 5.2 16.9 5.4
Sept 6.1 5.8 5.3 17.5 5.3
Oct 6.0 5.6 5.2 17.1 5.1
Nov 5.9 5.6 5.1 15.7 5.2
Dec 5.7 5.3 5.1 16.1 5.0
2004: Jan 5.6 5.1 5.0 16.7 4.9
Feb 5.6 5.1 4.9 16.6 4.9
By selected groups
By race or ethnicity (1)
Women
Black or His- Married who
African panic or men, maintain
Amer- Asian Latino spouse families
Period ican (NSA) ethnicity present (NSA)
1994 (2) 11.5 9.9 3.7 8.9
1995 10.4 9.3 3.3 8.0
1996 10.5 8.9 3.1 8.2
1997 10.0 7.7 2.7 8.1
1998 8.9 7.2 2.4 7.2
1999 8.0 6.4 2.2 6.4
2000 7.6 3.6 5.7 2.0 5.9
2001 8.6 4.5 6.6 2.7 6.6
2002 10.2 5.9 7.5 3.6 8.0
2003 10.8 6.0 7.7 3.8 8.5
2003: Feb 10.7 6.0 7.7 3.7 9.0
Mar 10.8 6.5 7.7 3.8 8.4
Apr. 10.8 5.8 7.6 3.8 8.5
May 10.7 5.1 8.1 3.9 8.3
June 11.6 7.8 8.2 4.3 8.7
July 11.1 6.2 8.1 3.9 9.0
Aug 10.9 5.9 7.8 3.9 8.4
Sept 11.1 6.2 7.5 3.8 8.5
Oct 11.4 6.1 7.3 3.8 8.4
Nov 10.4 5.2 7.4 3.7 8.3
Dec 10.3 5.3 6.6 3.3 8.4
2004: Jan 10.5 5.2 7.3 3.3 8.3
Feb 9.8 4.7 7.4 3.4 8.1
By selected groups
Full-time Part-time
Period workers workers
1994 (2) 6.1 6.0
1995 5.5 6.0
1996 5.3 5.8
1997 4.8 5.5
1998 4.3 5.3
1999 4.1 5.0
2000 3.8 4.8
2001 4.7 5.1
2002 5.9 5.2
2003 6.1 5.5
2003: Feb 6.0 5.5
Mar 5.9 5.5
Apr. 6.1 5.4
May 6.2 5.6
June 6.4 5.9
July 6.3 5.5
Aug 6.2 5.3
Sept 6.2 5.7
Oct 6.1 5.5
Nov 6.1 5.1
Dec 5.8 5.3
2004: Jan 5.7 5.4
Feb 5.6 5.2
(1) Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only.
Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included
in the group they identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
(2) See footnote 2, p. 11.
NOTE.–Data relate to persons age 16 years and over.
Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SELECTED MEASURES OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
PROGRAMS
In February, the percentages of the unemployed who had been out of work
for less than 5 weeks and for 15-26 weeks fell; the percentages for
5-14 weeks and for 27 weeks and over rose. The mean duration of
unemployment rose to 20.3 weeks and the median duration fell to 10.3
weeks.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED] [Monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted]Duration of unemployment
Number of
Percent distribution weeks
Un-
employ- Less 27
ment than weeks Aver-
(thou- 5 5-14 15-26 and age
Period sands) weeks weeks weeks over (mean)
1994 (3) 7,996 34.1 30.1 15.5 20.3 18.8
1995 7,404 36.5 31.6 14.6 17.3 16.6
1996 7,236 36.4 31.6 14.6 17.4 16.7
1997 6,739 37.7 31.7 14.8 15.8 15.8
1998 6,210 42.2 31.4 12.3 14.1 14.5
1999 5,880 43.7 31.2 12.8 12.3 13.4
2000 5,692 44.9 31.9 11.8 11.4 12.6
2001 5,692 42.0 32.3 14.0 11.8 13.1
2002 6,801 34.5 30.8 16.3 18.3 16.6
2003 8,378 31.7 29.8 16.4 22.1 19.2
2003: Feb 8,774 32.6 30.3 15.1 22.0 18.7
Mar 8,581 32.8 29.8 15.8 21.5 18.1
Apr 8,519 32.1 30.0 16.0 21.9 19.4
May 8,799 33.9 29.3 15.4 21.4 19.2
June 9,245 31.8 30.2 16.2 21.8 19.6
July 9,048 30.4 30.0 17.8 21.8 19.3
Aug 8,929 30.6 29.5 17.5 22.4 19.2
Sept 8,966 30.6 30.4 16.0 23.0 19.6
Oct 8,797 31.1 29.4 16.6 22.9 19.4
Nov 8,653 30.3 29.5 16.7 23.5 20.0
Dec 8,398 31.0 28.9 17.8 22.3 19.6
2004: Jan 8,297 31.2 28.6 17.5 22.7 19.8
Feb 8,170 30.3 29.6 17.2 22.9 20.3
Number of Reason for unemployment
weeks percent distribution
Job Job New
los- leav- Reen- en-
Period Median ers (1) ers trants trants
1994 (3) 9.2 47.7 9.9 34.8 7.6
1995 8.3 46.9 11.1 34.1 7.8
1996 8.3 46.9 10.7 34.7 8.0
1997 8.0 45.1 11.8 34.7 8.4
1998 6.7 45.5 11.8 34.3 8.4
1999 6.4 44.6 13.3 34.1 8.0
2000 5.9 44.2 13.7 34.5 7.6
2001 6.8 51.1 12.3 29.9 6.8
2002 9.1 55.0 10.3 28.3 6.4
2003 10.1 55.1 9.3 28.2 7.3
2003: Feb 9.5 55.9 9.1 28.1 6.9
Mar 9.7 55.5 9.3 28.0 7.2
Apr 10.1 55.0 9.3 28.5 7.2
May 10.1 56.2 8.7 28.0 7.1
June 11.7 54.3 9.7 28.9 7.0
July 10.1 55.4 8.9 28.2 7.4
Aug 10.0 55.4 8.9 28.4 7.3
Sept 10.1 55.6 9.4 27.4 7.7
Oct 10.3 55.2 8.9 28.5 7.4
Nov 10.4 54.2 10.7 28.0 7.1
Dec 10.4 54.6 9.3 28.0 8.2
2004: Jan 10.7 52.3 9.6 30.0 8.1
Feb 10.3 52.4 10.0 29.4 8.2
Insured
State unem-
programs ployment,
all
Insured regular
unem- programs
ploy Initial (unadjust-
Period ment claims ed) (2)
Weekly average, thousands
1994 (3) 2,670 340 2,739
1995 2,572 357 2,633
1996 2,595 356 2,650
1997 2,323 323 2,366
1998 2,222 321 2,257
1999 2,188 298 2,219
2000 2,110 301 2,141
2001 2,974 404 3,007
2002 3,585 407 3,619
2003 3,533 402 3,571
2003: Feb 3,429 409 4,172
Mar 3,514 423 4,348
Apr 3,622 443 3,708
May 3,716 432 3,270
June 3,726 427 3,674
July 3,625 406 3,449
Aug 3,630 402 3,379
Sept 3,626 403 3,224
Oct 3,515 382 2,807
Nov 3,367 363 3,212
Dec 3,259 356 (r) 3,553
2004: Jan 3,108 346 3,717
Feb (p) 352
(1) Beginning January 1994, job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.
(2) Includes State (50 States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and
Virgin Islands), ex-servicemen (UCX), and Federal (UCFE). Also includes
Federal and State extended benefit programs. Does not include Railroads
(RR) programs, Federal supplemental compensation or Emergency
Unemployment Compensation programs.
(3) See footnote 2, p. 11.
NOTE.–Data relate to persons age 16 years and over (except for insured
unemployment and initial claims).
Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics and Employment
and Training Administration).
NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
Total nonagricultural employment as measured by the payroll survey
rose by 21,000 in February.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED] [Thousands of wage and salary workers; (1) monthly dataseasonally adjusted]
Goods-producing industries
Total
Period nonagri- Con- Manu-
cultural Total (2) struc- fac-
employ- tion turing
ment
1994 114,291 22,774 5,095 17,021
1995 117,298 23,156 5,274 17,241
1996 119,708 23,410 5,536 17,237
1997 122,776 23,886 5,813 17,419
1998 125,930 24,354 5,149 17,560
1999 128,993 24,465 6,545 17,322
2000 131,785 24,649 6,787 17,263
2001 131,826 23,873 6,826 16,441
2002 130,341 22,557 6,716 15,259
2003 (r) 129,931 21,817 6,722 14,525
2003: Feb 130,031 22,005 6,661 14,770
Mar 129,921 21,949 6,661 14,717
Apr 129,901 21,880 6,689 14,623
May 129,873 21,859 6,715 14,574
June 129,859 21,805 6,718 14,514
July 129,814 21,744 6,721 14,452
Aug 129,789 21,712 6,739 14,404
Sept 129,856 21,697 6,754 14,375
Oct 130,027 21,674 6,754 14,351
Nov 130,027 21,686 6,771 14,344
Dec (r) 130,035 21,668 6,774 14,324
2004: Jan (r) 130,132 21,688 6,808 14,311
Feb (p) 130,153 21,663 6,784 14,308
Service-providing industries
Trade, transpor-
Period tation, and Finan-
Total utilities cial
activi-
Retail ties
Total (3) trade
1994 91,517 23,128 13,491 6,867
1995 94,142 23,834 13,897 6,827
1996 96,299 24,239 14,143 6,969
1997 98,890 24,700 14,389 7,178
1998 101,576 25,186 14,609 7,462
1999 104,528 25,771 14,970 7,648
2000 107,136 26,225 15,280 7,687
2001 107,952 25,983 15,239 7,807
2002 107,784 25,497 15,025 7,847
2003 (r) 108,114 25,275 14,912 7,974
2003: Feb 108,026 25,352 14,925 7,933
Mar 107,972 25,328 14,912 7,945
Apr 108,021 25,326 14,929 7,968
May 108,014 25,302 14,917 7,987
June 108,054 25,266 14,908 7,988
July 108,070 25,225 14,897 7,995
Aug 108,077 25,225 14,912 7,996
Sept 108,159 25,252 14,927 8,004
Oct 108,270 25,272 14,948 7,990
Nov 108,341 25,261 14,922 7,985
Dec (r) 108,367 25,211 14,876 7,981
2004: Jan (r) 108,444 25,287 14,936 7,978
Feb (p) 108,490 25,295 14,949 7,987
Service-providing industries
Profes-
sional Educa-
and tion Leisure
Period busi- and and Other
ness health hospi- serv-
services services tality ices (4)
1994 12,174 12,807 10,100 7,166
1995 12,844 13,289 10,501 7,415
1996 13,462 13,683 10,777 7,630
1997 14,335 14,087 11,018 7,909
1998 15,147 14,446 11,232 8,194
1999 15,957 14,798 11,543 8,506
2000 16,666 15,109 11,862 8,799
2001 16,476 15,645 12,036 8,887
2002 15,976 16,199 11,986 8,767
2003 (r) 15,997 16,577 12,125 8,591
2003: Feb 15,906 16,465 12,116 8,629
Mar 15,871 16,488 12,107 8,617
Apr 15,897 16,538 12,084 8,611
May 15,943 16,564 12,078 8,599
June 15,967 16,576 12,097 8,593
July 16,021 16,568 12,118 8,582
Aug 15,998 16,591 12,117 8,570
Sept 16,051 16,622 12,126 8,565
Oct 16,070 16,678 12,147 8,553
Nov 16,114 16,705 12,178 8,554
Dec (r) 16,159 16,731 12,192 8,549
2004: Jan (r) 16,149 15,743 12,211 8,538
Feb (p) 15,159 16,756 12,202 8,532
Period Government
Total Federal
1994 19,275 3,018
1995 19,432 2,949
1996 19,539 2,877
1997 10,664 2,806
1998 19,909 2,772
1999 20,307 2,769
2000 20,790 2,865
2001 21,118 2,764
2002 21,513 2,766
2003 (r) 21,575 2,756
2003: Feb 21,625 2,787
Mar 21,616 2,789
Apr 21,597 2,768
May 21,541 2,769
June 21,567 2,763
July 21,561 2,758
Aug 21,580 2,750
Sept 21,539 2,747
Oct 21,560 2,736
Nov 21,544 2,723
Dec (r) 21,544 2,720
2004: Jan (r) 21,538 2,724
Feb (p) 21,559 2,721
(1) Data from the establishment survey. Includes all full- and
part-time wage and salary workers in nonagricultural edtablishments
who received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the
12th of the month. Exludes proprietors, self-employed persons,
unpaid family workers, and private household, workers. Data from
the household survey shown on p. 11 include those workers and also
count persons as employed when they are not at work because of
industrial disputes, bad weather, etc., even if they are not paid
for the time off. In the series shown here, persons who work at
more than one job are counted each time they appear on a payroll,
in contrast to the series shown on p. 11 where persons are counted
only ones–as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. See
Employment and Earnings for details.
(2) Includes natural resources and mining, not shown separately.
(3) Includes wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing,
and utilities, not shown separately.
(4) Other services and information.
Note.–Data classified by industry based on the 2002 North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS). For details see Employment
and Earnings, June 2003.
Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS, HOURLY EARNINGS, AND WEEKLY EARNINGS
PRIVATE NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES
[For production or nonsupervisory workers; monthly dataseasonally adjusted]
Average gross
Average weekly hours hourly earnings
Total private
nonagricultural (1)
Total
private Manufacturing 1982
Period nonagri- Current dol-
cultural (1) Total Overtime dollars lars (2)
1994 34.5 41.7 5.0 $11.32 $7.53
1995 34.3 41.3 4.7 11.64 7.53
1996 34.3 41.3 4.8 12.03 7.57
1997 34.5 41.7 5.1 12.49 7.67
1998 34.5 41.4 4.8 13.00 7.89
1999 34.3 41.4 4.8 13.47 8.00
2000 34.3 41.3 4.7 14.00 8.03
2001 34.0 40.3 4.0 14.53 8.11
2002 33.9 40.5 4.2 14.95 8.24
2003 (r) 33.7 40.4 4.2 15.35 8.27
2003: Jan 33.8 40.3 4.3 15.18 (r) 8.25
Feb 33.7 40.4 4.3 15.27 8.25
Mar 33.8 40.4 4.1 15.27 8.21
Apr 33.6 40.1 4.0 15.25 (r) 8.23
May 33.7 40.2 4.1 15.31 8.28
June 33.7 40.3 4.1 15.34 (r) 8.29
July 33.6 40.1 4.1 15.40 8.31
Aug 33.6 40.2 4.1 15.41 8.28
Sept 33.6 40.4 4.2 15.41 8.25
Oct 33.7 40.5 4.3 15.43 8.28
Nov 33.8 40.8 4.5 15.46 8.32
Dec (r) 33.6 40.6 4.5 15.45 8.30
2004: Jan (r) 33.8 40.9 4.5 15.49 8.27
Feb (p) 33.8 41.0 4.5 15.52
Average gross
weekly earnings
Average
gross Total private
hourly nonagricultural (1)
earnings
1982
Period Manufac- Current dol-
turing dollars lars (2)
1994 $12.04 $390.73 $259.97
1995 12.34 399.53 258.43
1996 12.75 412.74 259.38
1997 13.14 431.25 265.22
1998 13.45 448.04 271.87
1999 13.85 402.49 274.64
2000 14.32 480.41 275.62
2001 14.76 493.30 275.38
2002 15.29 506.07 278.83
2003 (r) 15.74 577.30 278.75
2003: Jan 15.58 513.08 (r) 279.00
Feb 15.62 514.60 278.16
Mar 15.63 516.13 277.49
Apr 15.64 512.40 (r) 276.07
May 15.68 515.95 279.19
June 15.72 516.96 (r) 279.29
July 15.73 517.44 (r) 279.24
Aug 15.79 517.78 278.08
Sept 15.84 517.78 277.33
Oct 15.83 519.99 278.96
Nov 15.89 522.55 281.09
Dec (r) 15.93 519.12 278.80
2004: Jan (r) 15.95 523.56 279.68
Feb (p) 15.98 524.58
Average gross weekly earnings
Current dollars
Period Manufac- Construc- Retail
turing tion trade
1994 $502.12 $558.53 $265.77
1995 509.26 571.57 272.56
1996 526.55 588.48 282.76
1997 548.22 609.48 295.97
1998 557.12 629.75 310.34
1999 573.17 655.11 321.63
2000 590.65 685.78 333.38
2001 595.19 695.89 346.16
2002 618.75 711.82 680.81
2003 (r) 636.07 727.11 367.28
2003: Jan 627.87 726.79 366.55
Feb 631.05 709.14 365.29
Mar 631.45 728.72 366.17
Apr 627.16 714.42 364.93
May 630.34 729.58 365.60
June 633.52 728.45 366.83
July 630.77 726.55 366.56
Aug 634.76 731.89 369.26
Sept 639.94 731.52 368.95
Oct 641.12 731.90 369.26
Nov 648.31 733.81 369.87
Dec (r) 646.76 725.42 368.06
2004: Jan (r) 652.36 735.74 370.14
Feb (p) 655.18 737.66 369.29
Average gross weekly earnings
Percent change from
a year earlier, total
private non-
agricultural
Period Current 1982
dollars dollars
1994 3.3 0.7
1995 2.3 -.6
1996 3.3 .4
1997 4.5 2.2
1998 3.9 2.5
1999 3.2 1.0
2000 3.9 .4
2001 2.7 -.1
2002 2.6 1.3
2003 (r) 2.2 -.0
2003: Jan 3.1 .4
Feb 3.1 .0
Mar 3.2 -.1
Apr 2.1 (r) -.3
May 2.7 .7
June 1.8 (r) -.3
July 2.3 .3
Aug 1.8 -.4
Sept 1.5 -.7
Oct 1.9 .0
Nov 2.2 .6
Dec (r) 1.2 -.5
2004: Jan (r) 2.0 .2
Feb (p) 1.9
(1) Also includes other private industry groups shown on p. 14.
(2) Current dollar earnings divided by the consumer price index for
urban wage earners and clerical workers (CPI-W) (on a 1982=100 base).
Seasonally adjusted data beginning 1999 reflect annual revisions.
Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX–PRIVATE INDUSTRY
Index (June 1989 = 100)
Total
compensa- Wages and
Period tion salaries Benefits (1)
Not seasonally adjusted
1994: Dec 123.5 119.7 133.0
1995: Dec 126.7 123.1 135.9
1996: Dec 130.6 127.3 138.6
1997: Dec 135.1 132.3 141.8
1998: Dec 139.8 137.4 145.2
1999: Dec 144.6 142.2 150.2
2000: Dec 150.9 147.7 158.6
2001: Dec 157.2 153.3 166.7
2002: Dee 162.3 157.5 174.6
2003: Dec 168.8 162.3 185.8
Seasonally adjusted
2002: Mar 146.6 143.9 153.2
June 148.2 145.4 155.1
Sept 149.7 146.7 157.0
Dec 151.1 147.9 158.7
2001: Mar 152.8 149.4 160.8
June 154.2 150.8 162.5
Sept 155.7 152.0 164.7
Dec 157.4 153.4 166.8
2002: Mar 158.8 154.8 168.6
June 160.5 156.2 170.8
Sept 161.5 156.9 172.6
Dec 162.7 157.7 174.7
2003: Mar 164.9 159.3 178.9
June 166.3 160.3 181.3
Sept 168.0 161.7 183.8
Dec 169.2 162.5 186.0
Total
Period compensa- Wages and
tion salaries Benefits (1)
Not seasonally adjusted
1994: Dec
1995: Dec
1996: Dec
1997: Dec
1998: Dec
1999: Dec
2000: Dec
2001: Dec
2002: Dee
2003: Dec
Seasonally adjusted
2002: Mar 1.3 11.0 2.0
June 1.1 1.0 1.2
Sept 1.0 .9 1.2
Dec .9 .8 1.1
2001: Mar 1.1 1.0 1.3
June .9 .9 1.1
Sept 1.0 .8 1.4
Dec 1.1 .9 1.3
2002: Mar .9 .9 1.1
June 1.1 .9 1.3
Sept .6 .4 1.1
Dec .7 .5 1.2
2003: Mar 1.4 1.0 2.4
June .8 .6 1.3
Sept 1.0 .9 1.4
Dec .7 .5 1.2
Percent change from
12 months earlier
Total
compensa- Wages and
Period tion salaries Benefits (1)
Not seasonally adjusted
1994: Dec 3.1 2.8 3.7
1995: Dec 2.6 2.8 2.2
1996: Dec 3.1 3.4 2.0
1997: Dec 3.4 3.9 2.3
1998: Dec 3.5 3.9 2.4
1999: Dec 3.4 3.5 3.4
2000: Dec 4.4 3.9 5.6
2001: Dec 4.2 3.8 5.1
2002: Dee 3.2 2.7 4.7
2003: Dec 4.0 3.0 6.4
Not seasonally adjusted
2002: Mar 4.6 4.2 5.5
June 4.6 4.1 5.7
Sept 4.6 4.1 6.0
Dec 4.4 3.9 5.6
2001: Mar 4.2 3.8 5.0
June 4.0 3.8 4.8
Sept 4.0 3.6 4.9
Dec 4.2 3.8 5.1
2002: Mar 3.9 3.5 4.8
June 4.0 3.6 5.1
Sept 3.7 3.2 4.8
Dec 3.2 2.7 4.7
2003: Mar 3.8 3.0 6.0
June 3.5 2.6 6.1
Sept 4.0 3.0 6.5
Dec 4.0 3.0 6.4
(1) Employer costs for employee benefits.
NOTE.–The employment cost index is a measure of the change in the
cost of labor, free from the influence of employment shifts among
occupations and industries.
Data exclude farm and household workers.
Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
PRODUCTIVITY AND RELATED DATA, BUSINESS SECTOR
Output per hour of Output (1)
all persons
Nonfarm Nonfarm
Business business Business business
sector sector sector sector
Indexes, 1992=100; quarterly data
seasonally adjusted
1994 101.4 101.5 108.2 108.3
1995 101.7 102.1 111.4 111.8
1996 104.5 104.7 116.5 116.8
1997 106.5 106.4 122.7 122.8
1998 109.3 109.2 128.6 128.9
1999 (r) 112.4 112.2 135.2 135.6
2000 (r) 115.7 115.3 140.5 140.8
2001 (r) 118.3 117.8 140.6 141.0
2002 (r) 124.0 123.6 143.8 144.2
2003 (r) * 129.6 129.1 149.1 149.5
2000: I (r) 113.8 113.5 138.6 138.8
II (r) 116.0 115.6 141.1 141.4
III (r) 115.8 115.5 140.8 141.1
IV (r) 116.9 116.4 141.5 141.8
2001: I (r) 116.9 116.4 141.2 141.5
II (r) 117.7 117.3 140.8 141.3
III (r) 118.2 117.8 139.9 140.3
IV (r) 120.4 119.8 140.6 140.8
2002: I (r) 122.8 122.6 142.6 143.1
II 123.3 122.8 143.1 143.4
III (r) 124.7 124.2 144.6 144.8
IV (r) 125.4 124.9 145.1 145.4
2003: I (r) 126.4 126.0 145.8 146.3
II (r) 128.6 127.9 147.3 147.6
III (r) 131.3 130.8 151.0 151.3
IV (r) * 132.0 131.6 152.4 152.8
Percent change; quarterly data at
seasonally adjusted annual rates
1994 1.2 1.2 5.0 4.8
1995 .3 .6 2.9 3.2
1996 2.8 2.5 4.6 4.5
1997 1.9 1.7 5.3 5.2
1998 2.6 2.6 4.8 5.0
1999 (r) 2.9 2.8 5.1 5.2
2000 (r) 2.9 2.8 3.9 3.8
2001 (r) 2.2 2.1 .1 .1
2002 (r) 4.9 5.0 2.3 2.3
2003 (r) * 4.5 4.4 3.7 3.7
2000: I (r) -1.3 -1.7 .3 -.1
II (r) 8.2 7.5 7.5 7.5
III (r) -.6 -.4 -.8 -.8
IV (r) 3.8 3.3 2.0 2.2
2001: I (r) -.1 -.1 -.8 -.8
II (r) 3.0 3.1 -1.2 -1.0
III (r) 1.5 1.6 -2.6 -2.5
IV (r) 7.6 7.0 2.2 1.6
2002: I (r) 8.4 9.8 5.6 6.7
II 1.5 .7 1.4 .8
III (r) 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.0
IV (r) 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.6
2003: I (r) 3.5 3.4 1.9 2.4
II (r) 7.2 6.2 4.2 3.8
III (r) 8.7 9.5 10.3 10.4
IV (r) * 2.0 2.6 3.9 4.1
Hours of all Compensation per
persons (2) hour (3)
Nonfarm Nonfarm
Business business Business business
sector sector sector sector
Indexes, 1992=100; quarterly data
seasonally adjusted
1994 106.7 106.7 103.8 103.7
1995 109.5 109.5 106.0 106.0
1996 111.5 111.6 109.5 109.4
1997 115.2 115.4 113.0 112.8
1998 117.7 118.1 119.7 119.4
1999 (r) 120.2 120.8 125.4 124.9
2000 (r) 121.4 122.1 134.2 133.7
2001 (r) 118.9 119.7 139.7 138.9
2002 (r) 116.0 116.6 142.8 142.1
2003 (r) * 115.1 115.8 147.6 146.7
2000: I (r) 121.8 122.3 132.1 131.8
II (r) 121.6 122.3 132.7 132.1
III (r) 121.6 122.2 135.4 134.9
IV (r) 121.0 121.8 136.3 135.6
2001: I (r) 120.8 121.6 138.2 137.5
II (r) 119.6 120.4 139.1 138.3
III (r) 118.4 119.1 140.1 139.3
IV (r) 116.9 117.6 141.5 140.7
2002: I (r) 116.1 116.7 141.8 141.1
II 116.1 116.8 142.6 141.9
III (r) 115.9 116.6 143.1 142.4
IV (r) 115.8 116.4 143.8 143.2
2003: I (r) 115.4 116.1 145.5 144.6
II (r) 114.5 115.4 147.4 146.3
III (r) 115.0 115.7 148.4 147.5
IV (r) * 115.5 116.1 149.0 148.3
Percent change; quarterly data at
seasonally adjusted annual rates
1994 3.8 3.5 1.6 1.7
1995 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.2
1996 1.8 1.9 3.2 3.2
1997 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1
1998 2.2 2.3 5.9 5.8
1999 (r) 2.1 2.3 4.8 4.7
2000 (r) 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0
2001 (r) -2.1 -2.0 4.1 3.9
2002 (r) -2.5 -2.6 2.2 2.3
2003 (r) * -.8 -.7 3.3 3.2
2000: I (r) 1.7 1.6 14.5 14.7
II (r) -.7 -.1 1.8 1.1
III (r) -.2 -.4 8.5 8.8
IV (r) -1.7 -1.1 2.5 2.0
2001: I (r) -.7 -.7 5.8 5.6
II (r) -4.0 -4.0 2.7 2.4
III (r) -4.0 -4.1 3.0 3.0
IV (r) -.5 -5.1 3.9 4.0
2002: I (r) -2.6 -2.9 .9 1.2
II -.1 .1 2.3 2.3
III (r) -.5 -.5 1.3 1.3
IV (r) -.5 -.7 2.2 2.2
2003: I (r) -1.5 -1.0 4.8 4.0
II (r) -2.8 -2.3 5.3 4.9
III (r) 1.5 .9 2.7 3.3
IV (r) * 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.2
Real
compensation Unit labor
per hour (4) costs
Nonfarm Nonfarm
Business business Business business
sector sector sector sector
Indexes, 1992=100; quarterly data
seasonally adjusted
1994 99.2 99.1 102.3 102.2
1995 98.9 98.9 104.3 103.8
1996 99.5 99.4 104.8 104.5
1997 100.5 100.3 106.1 106.0
1998 105.0 104.7 109.5 109.3
1999 (r) 107.8 107.3 111.6 111.3
2000 (r) 111.6 111.2 116.0 116.0
2001 (r) 113.0 112.4 118.1 118.0
2002 (r) 113.7 113.2 115.2 115.0
2003 (r) * 114.9 114.2 113.9 113.6
2000: I (r) 111.2 110.9 116.1 116.1
II (r) 110.8 110.3 114.4 114.3
III (r) 112.1 111.7 116.9 116.9
IV (r) 112.0 111.4 116.5 116.5
2001: I (r) 112.5 111.9 118.2 118.1
II (r) 112.4 111.7 118.2 117.9
III (r) 112.9 112.3 118.6 118.3
IV (r) 114.2 113.5 117.6 117.5
2002: I (r) 114.1 113.5 115.5 115.1
II 113.7 113.2 115.7 115.6
III (r) 113.5 112.9 114.7 114.6
IV (r) 113.5 113.0 114.7 114.6
2003: I (r) 113.8 113.1 115.1 114.8
II (r) 115.1 114.2 114.6 114.4
III (r) 115.2 114.5 113.0 112.8
IV (r) * 115.5 114.9 112.9 112.7
Percent change; quarterly data at
seasonally adjusted annual rates
1994 -0.5 -0.4 0.4 0.5
1995 -.3 -.2 1.9 1.6
1996 .5 .5 .5 .6
1997 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4
1998 4.4 4.3 3.2 3.2
1999 (r) 2.7 2.5 1.8 1.8
2000 (r) 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.2
2001 (r) 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.7
2002 (r) .6 .7 -2.5 -2.5
2003 (r) * 1.0 .9 -1.1 -1.2
2000: I (r) 10.4 10.5 16.0 16.7
II (r) -1.5 -2.2 -5.9 -6.0
III (r) 4.7 5.0 9.2 9.2
IV (r) -.4 -.9 -1.3 -1.3
2001: I (r) 2.0 1.8 5.9 5.7
II (r) -.6 -.8 -.3 -.7
III (r) 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.3
IV (r) 4.5 4.6 -3.4 -2.8
2002: I (r) -.4 .0 -6.9 -7.8
II -1.2 -1.2 .9 1.6
III (r) -.9 -.9 -3.4 -3.1
IV (r) .2 .2 .1 -.1
2003: I (r) .9 .2 1.3 .6
II (r) 4.7 4.2 -1.7 -1.3
III (r) .3 1.0 -5.5 -5.6
IV (r) * 1.0 1.4 -.2 -.4
Implicit price
deflator (3)
Nonfarm
Business business
sector sector
Indexes, 1992=100; quarterly data
seasonally adjusted
1994 103.9 104.0
1995 105.7 105.8
1996 107.4 107.3
1997 109.0 109.1
1998 109.7 109.9
1999 (r) 110.7 111.1
2000 (r) 112.7 113.3
2001 (r) 114.9 115.4
2002 (r) 115.8 116.4
2003 (r) * 117.4 117.9
2000: I (r) 112.1 112.6
II (r) 112.6 113.1
III (r) 112.9 113.5
IV (r) 113.3 113.9
2001: I (r) 114.1 114.6
II (r) 115.0 115.5
III (r) 115.2 115.6
IV (r) 115.5 116.0
2002: I (r) 115.3 115.8
II 115.7 116.3
III (r) 115.9 116.6
IV (r) 116.5 117.1
2003: I (r) 116.9 117.5
II (r) 117.2 117.7
III (r) 117.6 118.1
IV (r) * 117.9 118.2
Percent change; quarterly data at
seasonally adjusted annual rates
1994 1.8 1.9
1995 1.8 1.7
1996 1.6 1.4
1997 1.0 1.7
1998 .6 .7
1999 (r) .9 1.1
2000 (r) 1.8 1.9
2001 (r) 1.9 1.9
2002 (r) .8 .9
2003 (r) * 1.4 1.2
2000: I (r) 3.4 3.3
II (r) 1.8 1.8
III (r) 1.3 1.4
IV (r) 1.4 1.3
2001: I (r) 2.7 2.5
II (r) 3.1 2.9
III (r) .8 .6
IV (r) 1.1 1.3
2002: I (r) -.7 -.7
II 1.6 1.9
III (r) .5 1.0
IV (r) 1.9 1.7
2003: I (r) 1.6 1.5
II (r) .9 .7
III (r) 1.3 1.1
IV (r) * 1.2 .5
(1) Output refers to real gross domestic product originating in
the sector.
(2) Hours of all persons engaged in the sector, including hours of
proprietors and unpaid family workers. Estimates based primarily on
establishment data.
(3) Wages and salaries of employees plus employer’s contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Also includes an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for
the self-employed.
(4) Hourly compensation divided by the consumer price index for
all urban consumers (CPI-U) for recent quarters. The trend 1978-2002
is based on the consumer price index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(5) Current dollar gross domestic output divided by the output index.
NOTE.–Data relate to all persons engaged in the sector.
Percent changes are from preceding period and are based on original
data; they therefore may differ slightly from percent changes based
on indexes shown here.
Data beginning 1999 reflect revisions to incorporate the annual
benchmark and seasonal adjustment revisions for nonagricultural
payroll series released on February 6, 2004.
* Data based on GDP data released on February 27, 2004.
Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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