Section 10. Renewable energy
Sources. The Nation consumed 5.9 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy in 2002, accounting for 6 percent (1) of total energy consumption during the year. At 2.7 quadrillion Btu, conventional hydroelectric power was the largest component of the renewable energy total, measuring 45 percent of the total. Wood was the next largest component at 2.0 quadrillion Btu and 34 percent of the total. Waste, the third largest component of the renewable energy total, contributed 0.6 quadrillion Btu in 2002, a 9-percent share of the total.
Electric Power Sector. In 2002, the electric power sector consumed 3.5 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy resources, 1.1 quadrillion Btu more than all of the end-use sectors combined and a share of 59 percent of the total. Conventional hydroelectric power recorded 2.6 quadrillion Btu in 2002, for 75 percent of the electric power sector total. Waste, at 0.3 quadrillion Btu, was the second largest source consumed for electricity generation, followed by geothermal and wood.
End-Use Sectors. Of the end-use sectors, the industrial sector was the largest consumer of renewable energy in 2002. Industrial facilities used 1.7 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy in 2002, 87 percent in the form of wood. The residential sector was the next largest end-use sector in the use of renewable energy, consuming 0.4 quadrillion Btu–84 percent in the form of wood, 14 percent solar, and 2 geothermal. The transportation sector consumed renewable energy in the form of alcohol fuels used in the blending of motor gasoline; in 2002, alcohol fuel use was 0.2 quadrillion Btu. The commercial sector used 0.1 quadrillion Btu in 2002, 48 percent of it as waste and 42 percent as wood.
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source
(Trillion Btu)
Conventional
Hydroelectric Alcohol
Power (a) Wood (b) Waste (c) Fuels (d)
1973 Total 2,861 1,527 2 NA
1974 Total 3,177 1,538 2 NA
1975 Total 3,155 1,497 2 NA
1976 Total 2,976 1,711 2 NA
1977 Total 2,333 1,837 2 NA
1978 Total 2,937 2,036 1 NA
1979 Total 2,931 2,150 2 NA
1980 Total 2,900 2,483 2 NA
1981 Total 2,758 2,495 88 7
1982 Total 3,266 2,477 119 19
1983 Total 3,527 2,639 157 35
1984 Total 3,386 2,629 208 43
1985 Total 2,970 2,576 236 52
1986 Total 3,071 2,518 263 60
1987 Total 2,635 2,465 289 69
1988 Total 2,334 2,552 315 70
1989 Total 2,837 2,637 354 71
1990 Total 3,046 2,191 408 63
1991 Total 3,016 2,190 440 73
1992 Total 2,617 2,290 473 83
1993 Total 2,892 2,227 479 97
1994 Total 2,683 2,315 515 109
1995 Total 3,205 2,420 531 117
1996 Total 3,590 2,467 577 84
1997 Total 3,640 2,350 551 106
1998 Total 3,297 2,175 542 117
1999 Total 3,268 2,224 540 122
2000 Total 2,811 2,257 511 139
2001 January 191 177 43 15
February 177 157 38 12
March 208 169 43 12
April 183 165 43 11
May 195 162 42 11
June 210 165 43 12
July 183 170 45 11
August 192 174 44 10
September 155 165 42 12
October 155 175 43 16
November 156 167 43 13
December 196 171 45 13
Total 2,201 2,017 514 147
2002 January 219 177 47 13
February 204 156 41 12
March 213 167 46 12
April 248 168 45 12
May 274 167 46 14
June 287 170 46 12
July 257 176 48 15
August 210 172 46 14
September 168 170 46 15
October 171 172 46 17
November 198 165 45 20
December 218 171 48 19
Total 2,668 2,031 550 174
2003 January 199 165 44 17
February R 199 R 153 R 40 20
March R 253 R 166 R 44 17
April 254 173 44 20
4-Month Total 905 657 173 73
2002 4-Month Total 884 669 179 49
2001 4-Month Total 759 668 167 50
Geothermal (e) Solar (f) Wind (g) Total
1973 Total 43 NA NA 4,433
1974 Total 53 NA NA 4,769
1975 Total 70 NA NA 4,723
1976 Total 78 NA NA 4,768
1977 Total 77 NA NA 4,249
1978 Total 64 NA NA 5,039
1979 Total 84 NA NA 5,166
1980 Total 110 NA NA 5,494
1981 Total 123 NA NA 5,471
1982 Total 105 NA NA 5,985
1983 Total 129 NA (s) 6,488
1984 Total 165 (s) (s) 6,431
1985 Total 198 (s) (s) 6,033
1986 Total 219 (s) (s) 6,132
1987 Total 229 (s) (s) 5,687
1988 Total 217 (s) (s) 5,489
1989 Total 317 55 22 6,294
1990 Total 336 60 29 6,133
1991 Total 346 63 31 6,158
1992 Total 349 64 30 5,907
1993 Total 364 66 31 6,156
1994 Total 338 69 36 6,065
1995 Total 294 70 33 6,669
1996 Total 316 71 33 7,137
1997 Total 325 70 34 7,075
1998 Total 328 70 31 6,561
1999 Total 331 69 46 6,599
2000 Total 317 66 57 6,158
2001 January 28 5 4 463
February 24 5 4 418
March 27 5 5 470
April 25 5 7 438
May 24 6 6 447
June 25 6 7 467
July 27 6 6 449
August 26 6 6 459
September 26 6 5 410
October 26 5 6 426
November 26 5 5 415
December 27 5 6 463
Total 311 65 68 5,324
2002 January 27 5 8 496
February 24 5 7 449
March 26 5 9 479
April 24 5 11 512
May 26 6 11 542
June 24 6 12 556
July 26 6 9 537
August 26 6 10 484
September 25 5 8 437
October 26 5 8 446
November 25 5 7 465
December 26 5 8 494
Total 304 64 106 5,897
2003 January 26 5 6 462
February 23 5 R 7 R 446
March 29 5 R 9 R 524
April 30 5 10 536
4-Month Total 109 20 31 1,968
2002 4-Month Total 101 20 35 1,936
2001 4-Month Total 104 21 21 1,789
(a) Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in
renewable energy.
(b) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(c) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(d) Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
(e) Geothermal electricity net generation, heat pump, and direct use
energy.
(f) Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation, and
solar thermal direct use energy.
(g) Wind electricity net generation.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.2c.
Table 10.2a Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption:
Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector
Wood (b) Geothermal (c) Solar (d) Total
1973 Total 354 NA NA 354
1974 Total 371 NA NA 371
1975 Total 425 NA NA 425
1976 Total 482 NA NA 482
1977 Total 542 NA NA 542
1978 Total 622 NA NA 622
1979 Total 728 NA NA 728
1980 Total 859 NA NA 859
1981 Total 869 NA NA 869
1982 Total 937 NA NA 937
1983 Total 925 NA NA 925
1984 Total 923 NA NA 923
1985 Total 899 NA NA 899
1986 Total 876 NA NA 876
1987 Total 852 NA NA 852
1988 Total 885 NA NA 885
1989 Total 918 5 53 976
1990 Total 581 6 56 642
1991 Total 613 6 58 677
1992 Total 645 6 60 711
1993 Total 548 7 62 616
1994 Total 537 6 64 607
1995 Total 596 7 65 667
1996 Total 595 7 65 667
1997 Total 433 8 65 506
1998 Total 387 8 65 459
1999 Total 414 9 64 486
2000 Total 433 9 61 503
2001 January 35 1 5 40
February 31 1 5 37
March 35 1 5 40
April 33 1 5 39
May 35 1 5 40
June 33 1 5 39
July 35 1 5 40
August 35 1 5 40
September 33 1 5 39
October 35 1 5 40
November 33 1 5 39
December 35 1 5 40
Total 407 9 60 476
2002 January 30 1 5 36
February 27 1 4 32
March 30 1 5 36
April 29 1 5 34
May 30 1 5 36
June 29 1 5 34
July 30 1 5 36
August 30 1 5 36
September 29 1 5 34
October 30 1 5 36
November 29 1 5 34
December 30 1 5 36
Total 350 10 58 419
2003 January 30 1 5 36
February 27 1 4 32
March 30 1 5 36
April 29 1 5 34
4-Month Total 115 3 19 138
2002 4-Month Total 115 3 19 138
2001 4-Month Total 134 3 20 157
Commercial Sector (a)
Hydropower Wood Waste
(e) (b) (f) Geothermal (c) Total
1973 Total NA 7 NA NA 7
1974 Total NA 7 NA NA 7
1975 Total NA 8 NA NA 8
1976 Total NA 9 NA NA 9
1977 Total NA 10 NA NA 10
1978 Total NA 12 NA NA 12
1979 Total NA 14 NA NA 14
1980 Total NA 21 NA NA 21
1981 Total NA 21 NA NA 21
1982 Total NA 22 NA NA 22
1983 Total NA 22 NA NA 22
1984 Total NA 22 NA NA 22
1985 Total NA 24 NA NA 24
1986 Total NA 27 NA NA 27
1987 Total NA 29 NA NA 29
1988 Total NA 32 NA NA 32
1989 Total 1 36 22 3 61
1990 Total 1 39 28 3 71
1991 Total 1 41 26 3 72
1992 Total 1 44 32 3 81
1993 Total 1 46 33 3 84
1994 Total 1 46 35 4 86
1995 Total 1 46 40 5 92
1996 Total 1 50 53 5 110
1997 Total 1 49 58 6 113
1998 Total 1 48 54 7 111
1999 Total 1 52 54 7 114
2000 Total 1 53 47 8 109
2001 January (s) 4 3 1 7
February (s) 3 3 1 7
March (s) 4 3 1 7
April (s) 3 3 1 7
May (s) 4 3 1 7
June (s) 3 3 1 8
July (s) 4 4 1 8
August (s) 4 4 1 8
September (s) 3 3 1 7
October (s) 3 3 1 7
November (s) 3 3 1 7
December (s) 4 3 1 8
Total 1 41 39 8 89
2002 January (s) 4 4 1 8
February (s) 3 3 1 7
March (s) 4 4 1 8
April (s) 3 4 1 8
May (s) 3 4 1 8
June (s) 3 4 1 8
July (s) 3 4 1 8
August (s) 3 4 1 8
September (s) 3 4 1 8
October (s) 3 4 1 9
November (s) 3 4 1 8
December (s) 4 4 1 8
Total 1 41 47 9 97
2003 January (s) 4 3 1 7
February (s) 3 3 1 7
March (s) R 4 RF 4 1 R 8
April (s) 3 F 4 1 8
4-Month Total (s) 14 E 14 3 31
2002 4-Month Total (s) 14 15 3 32
2001 4-Month Total (s) 14 12 3 29
(a) Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
See note at end of Section 7.
(b) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(c) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(d) Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity
generation. Small amounts of commercial sector use are included in the
residential sector.
(e) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(f) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5
trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.2b Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption:
Industrial and Transportation Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Trans-
porta-
tion
Industrial Sector (a) Sector
Hydro- Geo- Alcohol
power Wood Waste thermal Fuels
(b) (c) (d) (e) Total (f)
1973 Total 35 1,165 NA NA 1,200 NA
1974 Total 33 1,159 NA NA 1,192 NA
1975 Total 32 1,063 NA NA 1,096 NA
1976 Total 33 1,220 NA NA 1,253 NA
1977 Total 33 1,281 NA NA 1,314 NA
1978 Total 32 1,400 NA NA 1,432 NA
1979 Total 34 1,405 NA NA 1,439 NA
1980 Total 33 1,600 NA NA 1,633 NA
1981 Total 33 1,602 87 NA 1,722 7
1982 Total 33 1,516 118 NA 1,667 19
1983 Total 33 1,690 155 NA 1,879 35
1984 Total 33 1,679 204 NA 1,916 43
1985 Total 33 1,645 230 NA 1,908 52
1986 Total 33 1,610 256 NA 1,899 60
1987 Total 33 1,576 282 NA 1,891 69
1988 Total 33 1,625 308 NA 1,965 70
1989 Total 28 1,584 200 2 1,814 71
1990 Total 31 1,442 192 2 1,667 63
1991 Total 30 1,410 185 2 1,626 73
1992 Total 31 1,461 179 2 1,672 83
1993 Total 30 1,483 181 2 1,696 97
1994 Total 62 1,580 199 3 1,844 109
1995 Total 55 1,652 195 3 1,905 117
1996 Total 61 1,683 224 3 1,971 84
1997 Total 58 1,731 184 3 1,976 106
1998 Total 55 1,603 180 3 1,841 117
1999 Total 49 1,620 171 4 1,843 122
2000 Total 42 1,636 145 4 1,828 139
2001 January 2 127 14 (s) 144 15
February 2 113 11 (s) 127 12
March 3 121 13 (s) 137 12
April 3 119 13 (s) 135 11
May 3 114 12 (s) 130 11
June 3 116 12 (s) 131 12
July 2 121 12 (s) 136 11
August 3 125 12 (s) 140 10
September 2 117 12 (s) 132 12
October 2 127 13 (s) 142 16
November 2 120 14 (s) 136 13
December 3 122 14 (s) 139 13
Total 32 1,443 150 5 1,630 147
2002 January 3 131 15 (s) 150 13
February 3 117 14 (s) 134 12
March 3 122 15 (s) 141 12
April 4 126 14 (s) 144 12
May 4 124 14 (s) 142 14
June 3 127 14 (s) 144 12
July 3 130 14 (s) 148 15
August 2 126 14 (s) 143 14
September 2 127 14 (s) 143 15
October 3 127 15 (s) 146 17
November 5 121 15 (s) 141 20
December 6 125 15 (s) 146 19
Total 41 1,505 172 5 1,722 174
2003 January 4 116 14 (s) 135 17
February R 4 R 110 R 13 (s) R 127 20
March 4 R 122 15 (s) R 141 17
April 4 130 14 (s) 149 20
4-Month Total 16 479 56 2 552 73
2002 4-Month Total 13 496 58 2 569 49
2001 4-Month Total 11 480 50 2 543 50
(a) Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
See note at end of Section 7.
(b) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(c) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(d) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(e) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(f) Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector and
Total
(Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sector (a,b)
Hydropower (c) Wood (d) Waste (e) Geothermal
(f)
1973 Total 2,827 1 2 43
1974 Total 3,143 1 2 53
1975 Total 3,122 (s) 2 70
1976 Total 2,943 1 2 78
1977 Total 2,301 3 2 77
1978 Total 2,905 2 1 64
1979 Total 2,897 3 2 84
1980 Total 2,867 3 2 110
1981 Total 2,725 3 1 123
1982 Total 3,233 2 1 105
1983 Total 3,494 2 2 129
1984 Total 3,353 5 4 165
1985 Total 2,937 8 7 198
1986 Total 3,038 5 7 219
1987 Total 2,602 8 7 229
1988 Total 2,302 10 8 217
1989 Total (b) 2,808 (b) 100 (b) 132 (b) 308
1990 Total 3,014 129 188 326
1991 Total 2,985 126 229 335
1992 Total 2,586 140 262 338
1993 Total 2,861 150 265 351
1994 Total 2,620 152 282 325
1995 Total 3,149 125 296 280
1996 Total 3,528 138 300 300
1997 Total 3,581 137 309 309
1998 Total 3,241 137 308 311
1999 Total 3,218 138 315 312
2000 Total 2,768 134 318 296
2001 January 189 12 27 26
February 175 9 24 23
March 204 10 27 25
April 180 9 27 23
May 192 10 27 23
June 207 12 28 23
July 181 11 29 25
August 189 11 29 25
September 152 10 27 24
October 152 10 27 24
November 154 10 26 24
December 194 11 27 25
Total 2,169 126 324 289
2002 January 216 12 28 25
February 201 10 24 22
March 210 12 27 24
April 244 11 27 22
May 270 9 28 24
June 284 11 28 22
July 254 12 30 24
August 208 12 29 24
September 166 11 28 23
October 168 11 27 24
November 194 11 26 23
December 212 12 29 24
Total 2,626 135 331 281
2003 January 195 15 27 24
February R 195 R 12 R 24 22
March RF 249 F 11 RF 26 F 27
April F 250 F 11 F 26 F 28
4-Month Total E 889 E 49 E 103 E 101
2002 4-Month Total 870 45 106 93
2001 4-Month Total 748 41 104 96
Renewable
Electric Power Sector (a,b) Energy
Consumption
Solar (g) Wind (h) Total Total
1973 Total NA NA 2,873 4,433
1974 Total NA NA 3,199 4,769
1975 Total NA NA 3,194 4,723
1976 Total NA NA 3,024 4,768
1977 Total NA NA 2,383 4,249
1978 Total NA NA 2,973 5,039
1979 Total NA NA 2,986 5,166
1980 Total NA NA 2,982 5,494
1981 Total NA NA 2,852 5,471
1982 Total NA NA 3,341 5,985
1983 Total NA (s) 3,627 6,488
1984 Total (s) (s) 3,527 6,431
1985 Total (s) (s) 3,150 6,033
1986 Total (s) (s) 3,270 6,132
1987 Total (s) (s) 2,846 5,687
1988 Total (s) (s) 2,536 5,489
1989 Total (b) 3 (b) 22 (b) 3,372 6,264
1990 Total 4 29 3,689 6,133
1991 Total 5 31 3,710 6,158
1992 Total 4 30 3,360 5,907
1993 Total 5 31 3,662 6,156
1994 Total 5 36 3,420 6,065
1995 Total 5 33 3,889 6,669
1996 Total 5 33 4,305 7,137
1997 Total 5 34 4,375 7,075
1998 Total 5 31 4,032 6,561
1999 Total 5 46 4,034 6,599
2000 Total 5 57 3,579 6,158
2001 January (s) 4 257 463
February (s) 4 235 418
March (s) 5 272 470
April (s) 7 246 438
May 1 6 259 447
June 1 7 277 467
July 1 6 253 449
August 1 6 260 459
September 1 5 219 410
October (s) 6 220 426
November (s) 5 220 415
December (s) 6 263 463
Total 6 68 2,982 5,324
2002 January (s) 8 290 496
February (s) 7 264 449
March (s) 9 282 479
April (s) 11 314 512
May 1 11 343 542
June 1 12 358 556
July 1 9 331 537
August 1 10 283 484
September 1 8 237 437
October (s) 8 238 446
November (s) 7 261 465
December (s) 8 285 494
Total 6 106 3,485 5,897
2003 January (s) 6 267 462
February (s) R 7 R 260 R 446
March F (s) RF 9 RF 323 R 524
April F (s) F 10 F 325 536
4-Month Total E 1 E 31 E 1,174 1,968
2002 4-Month Total 1 35 1,150 1,936
2001 4-Month Total 1 21 1,011 1,789
(a) The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category
whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and
heat, to the public.
(b) Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only.
Beginning in 1989, data also include consumption at independent power
producers.
(c) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(d) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(e) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(f) Geothermal electricity net generation.
(g) Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation.
(h) Wind electricity net generation.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. F=Forecast. (s)=Less than 0.5
trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: Wood and Waste * 1973-1988: Table 7.3d. * 1989 forward:
Table 7.3b. Hydropower, Geothermal, Solar, and Wind: Tables 7.2b and
A6. Electric Power Sector Total: Calculated as the sum of the
individual fuels. Renewable Energy Consumption Total: Table 10.1.
Forecast values: Energy Information Administration, Short-Term
Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 10 at end of Section 4 for
more information about forecast values.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption
(Quadrillion Btu)
[GRAPHICS OMITTED]By Source, 2002
Hydroelectric Power (a) 2.7
Wood 2.0
Waste 0.5
Geothermal 0.3
Alcohol Fuels 0.2
Wind 0.1
Solar 0.1
Note: Table made from bar graph.
By Sector, 2002
Residential 0.4
Commercial 0.1
Industrial 1.7
Transportation 0.2
Electric Power 3.5
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Compared With Other Resources, 2002
Fossil Fuels 83.7
Nuclear Energy 8.1
Renewable Energy 5.9
Note: Table made from bar graph.
(a) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(b) A small amount of alcohol (ethanol blended into motor gasoline is
both fossil fuel (as petroleum) and renewable energy and is counted
in both those subtotals but counted only once in total energy
consumption.
Sources: Tables 3.1 and 10.1-10.2c.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Renewable Energy
Tables 10.2a and 10.2b Sources
Wood, Residential
1973-1979: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1990-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, Table 6. Includes revisions published in the EIA, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 10.2a.
2001 forward: EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates.
Wood, Commercial
1973-1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984-EIA, CNEAF, estimate.
1985-1992: Values interpolated.
1993-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, Table 6. Includes revisions published in the EIA, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 10.2a. 2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
Wood, Industrial
1973-1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: American Paper Institute, Fact Sheet on 1990 Energy Use in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry (July 1991), total pulp and paper industry wood consumption, minus nonutility power producers’ use of wood to produce electricity (see Table 10.3b).
1990-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual 2001 (November 2002), Table B1, and CNEAF staff for subsequent data updates.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates. Waste, Commercial
Table 7.3c
Waste, Industrial
1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF, estimates for total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a). 1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ and nonutility power producers’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Tables 10.3a and 10.3b).
1990-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual 2001 (November 2002), Table B 1, and CNEAF staff for subsequent data updates.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
Hydroelectric, Commercial
Hydroelectric total (all sectors) from Table 7.2a minus electric power sector hydroelectric from Table 7.2b minus industrial sector hydroelectric from Table 7.2c, times the fossil-fueled steam-electric plants heat rate from Table A6.
Hydroelectric, Industrial
1973-1978: Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report,” for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, “Industrial Electric Generating Capacity,” for all other plants, and Table A6.
1979–FPC, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report,” for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and EIA estimates for all other plants; and Table A6.
1980-1988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation over the 6-year period of 1974-1979, and Table A6.
1989 forward: Tables 7.2c and A6.
Alcohol Fuels
1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1990: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D1.
1991: Value interpolated.
1992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D1.
1993 forward: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Tables 2 and 28, and Monthly Energy Review (MER) Table A1. Ten percent of the “Field Production” of “Oxygenated Finished Motor Gasoline” from PSM Table 2 is added to the “Refinery Input of Fuel Ethanol” from PSM Table 28. The sum is multiplied by the conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel as shown in the MER Table A1.
Geothermal
1989 forward: John Lund, Oregon Institute of Technology Geoheat Center, unpublished data.
Solar
1989-1991: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
1992-2000: EIA Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, Table 2. Includes revisions published in the EIA, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 10.2a and 10.2b.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
(1) A small amount of alcohol fuel (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is both fossil fuel (as petroleum) and renewable energy and is counted in both those subtotals but counted only once in total energy consumption.
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