Section 10. Renewable energy
Sources. The Nation consumed 5.9 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy in 2002, accounting for 6 percent (1) of total energy consumption during the year. At 2.7 quadrillion Btu, conventional hydroelectric power was the largest component of the renewable energy total, measuring 45 percent of the total. Wood was the next largest component at 2.0 quadrillion Btu and 34 percent of the total. Waste, the third largest component of the renewable energy total, contributed 0.6 quadrillion Btu in 2002, a 9-percent share of the total.
Electric Power Sector. In 2002, the electric power sector consumed 3.5 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy resources, 1.1 quadrillion Btu more than all of the end-use sectors combined and a share of 59 percent of the total. Conventional hydroelectric power recorded 2.6 quadrillion Btu in 2002, for 75 percent of the electric power sector total. Waste, at 0.3 quadrillion Btu, was the second largest source consumed for electricity generation, followed by geothermal and wood.
End-Use Sectors. Of the end-use sectors, the industrial sector was the largest consumer of renewable energy in 2002. Industrial facilities used 1.7 quadrillion Btu of renewable energy in 2002, 87 percent in the form of wood. The residential sector was the next largest end-use sector in the use of renewable energy, consuming 0.4 quadrillion Btu–84 percent in the form of wood, 14 percent solar, and 2 geothermal. The transportation sector consumed renewable energy in the form of alcohol fuels used in the blending of motor gasoline; in 2002, alcohol fuel use was 0.2 quadrillion Btu. The commercial sector used 0.1 quadrillion Btu in 2002, 48 percent of it as waste and 42 percent as wood.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)
Total and Major Sources, 1973-2002
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
By Source, 2002
Hydroelectric power (a) 2.7
Wood 2.0
Waste 0.5
Geothermal 0.3
Alcohol Fuels 0.2
Wind 0.1
Solar 0.1
(a) Conventional hydroelectric power.
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Compared With Other Resources, 1973-2002
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
By Sector, 2002
Residential 0.4
Commercial 0.1
Industrial 1.7
Transportation 0.2
Electric Power 3.5
Compared With Other Resources, 2002
Fossil Fuels 84.3
Nuclear Energy 8.1
Renewable Energy 5.9
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source
(Trillion Btu)
Conventional
Hydroelectric Alcohol
Power (a) Wood (b) Waste (c) Fuels (d)
1973 Total 2,861 1,527 2 NA
1974 Total 3,177 1,538 2 NA
1975 Total 3,155 1,497 2 NA
1976 Total 2,976 1,711 2 NA
1977 Total 2,333 1,837 2 NA
1978 Total 2,937 2,036 1 NA
1979 Total 2,931 2,150 2 NA
1980 Total 2,900 2,483 2 NA
1981 Total 2,758 2,495 88 7
1982 Total 3,266 2,477 119 19
1983 Total 3,527 2,639 157 35
1984 Total 3,386 2,629 208 43
1985 Total 2,970 2,576 236 52
1986 Total 3,071 2,518 263 60
1987 Total 2,635 2,465 289 69
1988 Total 2,334 2,552 315 70
1989 Total 2,837 2,637 354 71
1990 Total 3,046 2,191 408 63
1991 Total 3,016 2,190 440 73
1992 Total 2,617 2,290 473 83
1993 Total 2,892 2,227 479 97
1994 Total 2,683 2,315 515 109
1995 Total 3,205 2,420 531 117
1996 Total 3,590 2,467 577 84
1997 Total 3,640 2,350 551 106
1998 Total 3,297 2,175 542 117
1999 Total 3,268 2,224 540 122
2000 Total 2,811 2,257 511 139
2001 January 191 177 44 15
February 177 157 38 12
March 207 169 43 12
April 182 165 43 11
May 194 163 43 11
June 210 165 43 12
July 183 171 45 11
August 192 175 44 10
September 154 165 42 12
October 154 175 43 16
November 156 167 43 13
December 196 171 45 13
Total 2,197 2,020 515 147
2002 January 219 177 (R) 47 13
February 204 (R) 156 41 12
March (R) 213 167 46 12
April 248 (R) 168 45 12
May 273 167 46 14
June 287 170 46 12
July 257 176 48 15
August 210 172 46 14
September 168 170 46 15
October 171 (R) 172 46 17
November 198 (R) 165 (R) 45 20
December 217 (R) 171 (R) 48 19
Total 2,664 (R) 2,031 (R) 550 174
2003 January (R) 199 (R) 165 (R) 44 17
February 239 160 42 20
2-Month Total 438 325 86 37
2002 2-Month Total 422 334 88 25
2001 2-Month Total 368 334 82 27
Geothermal (e) Solar (f) Wind (g) Total
1973 Total 43 NA NA 4,433
1974 Total 53 NA NA 4,769
1975 Total 70 NA NA 4,723
1976 Total 78 NA NA 4,768
1977 Total 77 NA NA 4,249
1978 Total 64 NA NA 5,039
1979 Total 84 NA NA 5,166
1980 Total 110 NA NA 5,494
1981 Total 123 NA NA 5,471
1982 Total 105 NA NA 5,985
1983 Total 129 NA (s) 6,488
1984 Total 165 (s) (s) 6,431
1985 Total 198 (s) (s) 6,033
1986 Total 219 (s) (s) 6,132
1987 Total 229 (s) (s) 5,687
1988 Total 217 (s) (s) 5,489
1989 Total 317 55 22 6,294
1990 Total 336 60 29 6,133
1991 Total 346 63 31 6,158
1992 Total 349 64 30 5,907
1993 Total 364 66 31 6,156
1994 Total 338 69 36 6,065
1995 Total 294 70 33 6,669
1996 Total 316 71 33 7,137
1997 Total 325 70 34 7,075
1998 Total 328 70 31 6,561
1999 Total 331 69 46 6,599
2000 Total 317 66 57 6,158
2001 January 28 5 4 464
February 24 5 4 418
March 27 5 5 470
April 25 5 7 438
May 24 6 6 447
June 25 6 7 467
July 27 6 6 449
August 26 6 6 459
September 26 6 5 410
October 26 5 6 426
November 26 5 5 415
December 27 5 6 463
Total 311 65 68 5,324
2002 January 27 5 8 (R) 496
February 24 5 (R) 7 449
March 26 5 9 478
April 24 5 11 (R) 512
May 26 6 11 542
June 24 6 12 556
July 26 6 9 (R) 536
August 26 6 10 484
September 25 5 8 437
October 26 5 8 445
November 25 5 7 (R) 464
December 26 5 8 (R) 494
Total 304 64 (R) 106 (R) 5,894
2003 January (R) 26 5 (R) 6 (R) 462
February 23 5 7 495
2-Month Total 49 10 13 957
2002 2-Month Total 51 10 15 945
2001 2-Month Total 52 10 8 881
(a) Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in
renewable energy.
(b) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(c) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(d) Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
(e) Geothermal electricity net generation, heat pump, and direct use
energy.
(f) Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation, and
solar thermal direct use energy.
(g) Wind electricity net generation.
(R)=Revised.
NA=Not available.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.2c.
Table 10.2a Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption:
Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Residential Sector
Wood (b) Geothermal (c) Solar (d)
1973 Total 354 NA NA
1974 Total 371 NA NA
1975 Total 425 NA NA
1976 Total 482 NA NA
1977 Total 542 NA NA
1978 Total 622 NA NA
1979 Total 728 NA NA
1980 Total 859 NA NA
1981 Total 869 NA NA
1982 Total 937 NA NA
1983 Total 925 NA NA
1984 Total 923 NA NA
1985 Total 899 NA NA
1986 Total 876 NA NA
1987 Total 852 NA NA
1988 Total 885 NA NA
1989 Total 918 5 53
1990 Total 581 6 56
1991 Total 613 6 58
1992 Total 645 6 60
1993 Total 548 7 62
1994 Total 537 6 64
1995 Total 596 7 65
1996 Total 595 7 65
1997 Total 433 8 65
1998 Total 387 8 65
1999 Total 414 9 64
2000 Total 433 9 61
2001 January 35 1 5
February 31 1 5
March 35 1 5
April 33 1 5
May 35 1 5
June 33 1 5
July 35 1 5
August 35 1 5
September 33 1 5
October 35 1 5
November 33 1 5
December 35 1 5
Total 407 9 60
2002 January 30 1 5
February 27 1 4
March 30 1 5
April 29 1 5
May 30 1 5
June 29 1 5
July 30 1 5
August 30 1 5
September 29 1 5
October 30 1 5
November 29 1 5
December 30 1 5
Total 350 10 58
2003 January 30 1 5
February 27 1 4
2-Month Total 57 2 9
2002 2-Month Total 57 2 9
2001 2-Month Total 66 2 10
Residential Commercial Sector (a)
Sector
Total Hydropower (e) Wood (b)
1973 Total 354 NA 7
1974 Total 371 NA 7
1975 Total 425 NA 8
1976 Total 482 NA 9
1977 Total 542 NA 10
1978 Total 622 NA 12
1979 Total 728 NA 14
1980 Total 859 NA 21
1981 Total 869 NA 21
1982 Total 937 NA 22
1983 Total 925 NA 22
1984 Total 923 NA 22
1985 Total 899 NA 24
1986 Total 876 NA 27
1987 Total 852 NA 29
1988 Total 885 NA 32
1989 Total 976 1 36
1990 Total 642 1 39
1991 Total 677 1 41
1992 Total 711 1 44
1993 Total 616 1 46
1994 Total 607 1 46
1995 Total 667 1 46
1996 Total 667 1 50
1997 Total 506 1 49
1998 Total 459 1 48
1999 Total 486 1 52
2000 Total 503 1 53
2001 January 40 (s) 4
February 37 (s) 3
March 40 (s) 4
April 39 (s) 3
May 40 (s) 4
June 39 (s) 3
July 40 (s) 4
August 40 (s) 4
September 39 (s) 3
October 40 (s) 3
November 39 (s) 3
December 40 (s) 4
Total 476 1 41
2002 January 36 (s) 4
February 32 (s) 3
March 36 (s) 4
April 34 (s) 3
May 36 (s) 3
June 34 (s) 3
July 36 (s) 3
August 36 (s) 3
September 34 (s) 3
October 36 (s) 3
November 34 (s) 3
December 36 (s) 4
Total 419 1 41
2003 January 36 (s) (R) 4
February 32 (s) 3
2-Month Total 68 (s) 7
2002 2-Month Total 68 (s) 7
2001 2-Month Total 77 (s) 7
Commercial Sector (a)
Waste (f) Geothermal (c) Total
1973 Total NA NA 7
1974 Total NA NA 7
1975 Total NA NA 8
1976 Total NA NA 9
1977 Total NA NA 10
1978 Total NA NA 12
1979 Total NA NA 14
1980 Total NA NA 21
1981 Total NA NA 21
1982 Total NA NA 22
1983 Total NA NA 22
1984 Total NA NA 22
1985 Total NA NA 24
1986 Total NA NA 27
1987 Total NA NA 29
1988 Total NA NA 32
1989 Total 22 3 61
1990 Total 28 3 71
1991 Total 26 3 72
1992 Total 32 3 81
1993 Total 33 3 84
1994 Total 35 4 86
1995 Total 40 5 92
1996 Total 53 5 110
1997 Total 58 6 113
1998 Total 54 7 111
1999 Total 54 7 114
2000 Total 47 8 109
2001 January 3 1 7
February 3 1 7
March 3 1 7
April 3 1 7
May 3 1 8
June 3 1 8
July 4 1 8
August 4 1 8
September 3 1 7
October 3 1 7
November 3 1 7
December 3 1 8
Total 39 8 90
2002 January 4 1 8
February 3 1 7
March 4 1 8
April 4 1 8
May 4 1 8
June 4 1 8
July 4 1 8
August 4 1 8
September 4 1 8
October 4 1 9
November 4 1 8
December 4 1 8
Total 47 9 (R) 97
2003 January (R) 3 1 (R) 7
February (F) 4 1 8
2-Month Total (E) 7 1 15
2002 2-Month Total 7 1 16
2001 2-Month Total 6 1 14
(a) Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants. See note at end of Section 7.
(b) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(c) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(d) Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic
electricity generation. Small amounts of commercial
sector use are included in the residential sector.
(e) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(f) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste,
tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(R)=Revised.
(E)=Estimate.
(F)=Forecast.
NA=Not available.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.2b Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption:
Industrial and Transportation Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sector (a)
Hydropower (b) Wood (c) Wasted (d)
1973 Total 35 1,165 NA
1974 Total 33 1,159 NA
1975 Total 32 1,063 NA
1976 Total 33 1,220 NA
1977 Total 33 1,281 NA
1978 Total 32 1,400 NA
1979 Total 34 1,405 NA
1980 Total 33 1,600 NA
1981 Total 33 1,602 87
1982 Total 33 1,516 118
1983 Total 33 1,690 155
1984 Total 33 1,679 204
1985 Total 33 1,645 230
1986 Total 33 1,610 256
1987 Total 33 1,576 282
1988 Total 33 1,625 308
1989 Total 28 1,584 200
1990 Total 31 1,442 192
1991 Total 30 1,410 185
1992 Total 31 1,461 179
1993 Total 30 1,433 181
1994 Total 62 1,580 199
1995 Total 55 1,652 195
1996 Total 61 1,683 224
1997 Total 58 1,731 184
1998 Total 55 1,603 180
1999 Total 49 1,620 171
2000 Total 42 1,636 145
2001 January 2 128 14
February 2 113 11
March 3 121 13
April 3 119 13
May 3 115 12
June 3 117 12
July 2 121 12
August 3 125 12
September 2 118 12
October 2 127 13
November 2 120 14
December 3 122 14
Total 32 1,446 150
2002 January 3 (R) 131 (R) 15
February 3 117 14
March 3 122 15
April 4 126 14
May 4 124 14
June 3 127 14
July 3 (R) 130 14
August 2 (R) 126 14
September 2 127 14
October 3 127 15
November 5 (R) 121 15
December 6 125 15
Total 41 (R) 1,505 (R) 172
2003 January (R) 4 (R) 116 (R) 14
February 3 119 14
2-Month Total 8 235 28
2002 2-Month Total 6 248 29
2001 2-Month Total 5 241 25
Industrial Sector (a) Transportation
Sector
Alcohol
Geothermal (e) Total Fuels (f)
1973 Total NA 1,200 NA
1974 Total NA 1,192 NA
1975 Total NA 1,096 NA
1976 Total NA 1,253 NA
1977 Total NA 1,314 NA
1978 Total NA 1,432 NA
1979 Total NA 1,439 NA
1980 Total NA 1,633 NA
1981 Total NA 1,722 7
1982 Total NA 1,667 19
1983 Total NA 1,879 35
1984 Total NA 1,916 43
1985 Total NA 1,908 52
1986 Total NA 1,899 60
1987 Total NA 1,891 69
1988 Total NA 1,965 70
1989 Total 2 1,814 71
1990 Total 2 1,667 63
1991 Total 2 1,626 73
1992 Total 2 1,672 83
1993 Total 2 1,696 97
1994 Total 3 1,844 109
1995 Total 3 1,905 117
1996 Total 3 1,971 84
1997 Total 3 1,976 106
1998 Total 3 1,841 117
1999 Total 4 1,843 122
2000 Total 4 1,828 139
2001 January (s) 144 15
February (s) 127 12
March (s) 137 12
April (s) 135 11
May (s) 130 11
June (s) 132 12
July (s) 136 11
August (s) 141 10
September (s) 132 12
October (s) 143 16
November (s) 137 13
December (s) 139 13
Total 5 1,633 147
2002 January (s) 150 13
February (s) 134 12
March (s) 141 12
April (s) 144 12
May (s) (R) 142 14
June (s) 144 12
July (s) 148 15
August (s) 143 14
September (s) 143 15
October (s) 146 17
November (s) (R) 141 20
December (s) (R) 146 19
Total 5 1,722 174
2003 January (s) (R) 135 17
February (s) 136 20
2-Month Total 1 272 37
2002 2-Month Total 1 284 25
2001 2-Month Total 1 271 27
(a) Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants. See note at end of Section 7.
(b) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(c) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(d) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(e) Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
(f) Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
(R)=Revised.
NA=Not available.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: See end of section.
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric
Power Sector and Total
(Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sector (a),(b)
Hydropower (c) Wood (d) Waste (e)
1973 Total 2,827 1 2
1974 Total 3,143 1 2
1975 Total 3,122 (s) 2
1976 Total 2,943 1 2
1977 Total 2,301 3 2
1978 Total 2,905 2 1
1979 Total 2,897 3 2
1980 Total 2,867 3 2
1981 Total 2,725 3 1
1982 Total 3,233 2 1
1983 Total 3,494 2 2
1984 Total 3,353 5 4
1985 Total 2,937 8 7
1986 Total 3,038 5 7
1987 Total 2,602 8 7
1988 Total 2,302 10 8
1989 Total (b) 2,808 (b) 100 (b) 132
1990 Total 3,014 129 188
1991 Total 2,985 126 229
1992 Total 2,586 140 262
1993 Total 2,861 150 265
1994 Total 2,620 152 282
1995 Total 3,149 125 296
1996 Total 3,528 138 300
1997 Total 3,581 137 309
1998 Total 3,241 137 308
1999 Total 3,218 138 315
2000 Total 2,768 134 318
2001 January 188 12 27
February 174 10 24
March 204 10 27
April 179 9 27
May 191 10 27
June 207 12 28
July 181 11 29
August 188 11 29
September 152 10 27
October 152 10 27
November 154 10 26
December 193 11 27
Total 2,165 127 325
2002 January 216 12 (R) 28
February 200 10 24
March 209 12 27
April (R) 243 11 27
May 269 9 28
June 283 11 28
July 254 12 30
August 207 12 29
September 166 11 28
October 168 11 27
November 194 11 26
December 212 12 (R) 29
Total 2,623 (R) 135 (R) 331
2003 January (R) 195 (R) 15 (R) 27
February (F) 235 (F) 11 (F) 24
2-Month Total (E) 430 (E) 26 (E) 51
2002 2-Month Total 416 22 52
2001 2-Month Total 363 21 51
Electric Power Sector (a), (b)
Geothermal (f) Solar (g) Wind (h)
1973 Total 43 NA NA
1974 Total 53 NA NA
1975 Total 70 NA NA
1976 Total 78 NA NA
1977 Total 77 NA NA
1978 Total 64 NA NA
1979 Total 84 NA NA
1980 Total 110 NA NA
1981 Total 123 NA NA
1982 Total 105 NA NA
1983 Total 129 NA (s)
1984 Total 165 (s) (s)
1985 Total 198 (s) (s)
1986 Total 219 (s) (s)
1987 Total 229 (s) (s)
1988 Total 217 (s) (s)
1989 Total (b) 308 (b) 3 (b) 22
1990 Total 326 4 29
1991 Total 335 5 31
1992 Total 338 4 30
1993 Total 351 5 31
1994 Total 325 5 36
1995 Total 280 5 33
1996 Total 300 5 33
1997 Total 309 5 34
1998 Total 311 5 31
1999 Total 312 5 46
2000 Total 296 5 57
2001 January 26 (s) 4
February 23 (s) 4
March 25 (s) 5
April 23 (s) 7
May 23 1 6
June 23 1 7
July 25 1 6
August 25 1 6
September 24 1 5
October 24 (s) 6
November 24 (s) 5
December 25 (s) 6
Total 289 5 68
2002 January 25 (s) 8
February 22 (s) (R) 7
March 24 (s) 9
April 22 (s) 11
May 24 1 11
June 22 1 12
July 24 1 9
August 24 1 10
September 23 1 8
October 24 (s) 8
November 23 (s) 7
December 24 (S) 8
Total 281 5 (R) 106
2003 January (R) 24 (s) (R) 6
February (F) 22 (F) (s) (F) 7
2-Month Total (E) 46 (s) (E) 13
2002 2-Month Total 47 (s) 15
2001 2-Month Total 48 (s) 8
Electric Power Renewable
Sector (a), (b) Energy
Consumption
Total Total
1973 Total 2,873 4,433
1974 Total 3,199 4,769
1975 Total 3,194 4,723
1976 Total 3,024 4,768
1977 Total 2,383 4,249
1978 Total 2,973 5,039
1979 Total 2,986 5,166
1980 Total 2,982 5,494
1981 Total 2,852 5,471
1982 Total 3,341 5,985
1983 Total 3,627 6,438
1984 Total 3,527 6,431
1985 Total 3,150 6,033
1986 Total 3,270 6,132
1987 Total 2,846 5,687
1988 Total 2,536 5,487
1989 Total (b) 3,372 6,294
1990 Total 3,689 6,133
1991 Total 3,710 6,158
1992 Total 3,360 5,907
1993 Total 3,662 6,156
1994 Total 3,420 6,065
1995 Total 3,889 6,669
1996 Total 4,305 7,137
1997 Total 4,375 7,075
1998 Total 4,032 6,561
1999 Total 4,034 6,599
2000 Total 3,579 6,158
2001 January 257 464
February 235 418
March 272 470
April 246 438
May 258 447
June 277 467
July 253 449
August 260 459
September 219 410
October 220 426
November 219 415
December 263 463
Total 2,979 5,324
2002 January (R) 289 (R) 496
February 263 449
March 282 478
April 314 (R) 512
May 342 542
June 357 556
July 330 (R) 536
August (R) 283 484
September (R) 237 437
October 238 445
November 261 (R) 464
December (R) 285 (R) 494
Total (R) 3,481 (R) 5,894
2003 January (R) 267 (R) 462
February (F) 300 495
2-Month Total (E) 566 957
2002 2-Month Total 553 945
2001 2-Month Total 492 881
(a) The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category
whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and
heat, to the public.
(b) Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities
only. Beginning in 1989, data also include consumption at
independent power producers.
(c) Conventional hydroelectric power.
(d) Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.
(e) Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(f) Geothermal electricity net generation.
(g) Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation.
(h) Wind electricity net generation.
R=Revised.
E=Estimate
NA=Not available.
F=Forecast.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: * Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding. * Geographic coverage is the 50
states and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.
Sources: Wood and Waste * 1973-1988: Table 7.3d. * 1989
forward: Table 7.3b. Hydropower, Geothermal, Solar, and
Wind: Tables 7.2b and A6. Electric Power Sector Total:
Calculated as the sum of the individual fuels. Renewable
Energy Consumption Total: Table 10.1. Forecast values:
Energy Information Administration, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System. See Note 10 at end of Section 4 for
more information about forecast values.
(1) A small amount of alcohol fuel (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is both fossil fuel (as petroleum) and renewable energy and is counted in both those subtotals but counted only once in total energy consumption.
Renewable Energy
Tables 10.2a and 10.2b Sources
Wood, Residential
1973-1979: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1990-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, Table 6. Includes revisions published in the EIA, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 10.2a.
2001 forward: EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates.
Wood, Commercial
1973-1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984-EIA, CNEAF, estimate.
1985-1992: Values interpolated.
1993-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, Table 6. Includes revisions published in the EIA, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 10.2a.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
Wood, Industrial
1973-1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980-1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: American Paper Institute, Fact Sheet on 1990 Energy Use in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry (July 1991), total pulp and paper industry wood consumption, minus nonutility power producers’ use of wood to produce electricity (see Table 10.3b).
1990-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual 2001 (November 2002), Table B1, and CNEAF staff for subsequent data updates.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
Waste, Commercial
Table 7.3c
Waste, Industrial
1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF, estimates for total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Table 10.3a).
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption, minus electric utilities’ and nonutility power producers’ use of waste to produce electricity (see Tables 10.3a and 10.3b).
1990-2000: EIA, Renewable Energy Annual 2001 (November 2002), Table B1, and CNEAF staff for subsequent data updates.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
Hydroelectric, Commercial
Hydroelectric total (all sectors) from Table 7.2a minus electric power sector hydroelectric from Table 7.2b minus industrial sector hydroelectric from Table 7.2c, times the fossil-fueled steam-electric plants heat rate from Table A6.
Hydroelectric, Industrial
1973-1978: Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report,” for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and FPC, Form FPC- 12C, “Industrial Electric Generating Capacity,” for all other plants, and Table A6.
1979–FPC, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report,” for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, and EIA estimates for all other plants; and Table A6.
1980-1988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation over the 6-year period of 1974-1979, and Table A6.
1989 forward: Tables 7.2c and A6.
Alcohol Fuels
1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1988: Value interpolated.
1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10.
1990: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D1.
1991: Value interpolated.
1992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table D1.
1993 forward: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Tables 2 and 28, and Monthly Energy Review (MER) Table A1. Ten percent of the “Field Production” of “Oxygenated Finished Motor Gasoline” from PSM Table 2 is added to the “Refinery Input of Fuel Ethanol” from PSM Table 28. The sum is multiplied by the conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel as shown in the MER Table A1.
Geothermal
1989 forward: John Lund, Oregon Institute of Technology Geoheat Center, unpublished data.
Solar
1989-1991: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
1992-2000: EIA Renewable Energy Annual, annual reports, Table 2. Includes revisions published in the EIA, Annual Energy Review 2000, Table 10.2a and 10.2b.
2001 forward: EIA, CNEAF, estimates.
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COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group
